Radon poses significant health risks. On average, the radon level inside homes is estimated to be around 1.3 picocuries per liter (pCi/L). In comparison, the radon level in outdoor air is typically much lower, about 0.4 pCi/L. Recognizing the dangers associated with radon exposure, the U.S. Congress has set an ambitious long-term objective: to reduce indoor radon levels to match those found outdoors.
The Goal of Reducing Indoor Radon
While achieving outdoor-level radon concentrations indoors is yet to be feasible in all cases, significant progress has been made. Many homes can now be treated to reduce radon levels to 2 pCi/L or even lower. However, this is only sometimes straightforward, and the effectiveness of radon mitigation can vary depending on several factors, including the home’s construction and the initial radon concentration.
The Challenge of Short-Term Radon Tests
Short-term radon tests are commonly used to assess the radon levels in a home. These tests typically last two to seven days and provide a snapshot of the radon concentration. However, interpreting the results of short-term tests can sometimes be challenging, mainly when the results are close to the action level of 4 pCi/L, the threshold recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for taking corrective action.
Interpreting Test Results
If the average of two short-term radon test results is slightly above four pCi/L, such as 4.1 pCi/L, there is a 50% chance that the home’s year-round average radon level is below four pCi/L. This variability is due to changes in the levels of radon. This can be due to weather and environmental factors or how much ventilation there is. Despite this, the EPA emphasizes that no level of radon exposure is entirely safe. Even radon levels below the four pCi/L threshold still pose some risk, particularly when it comes to the potential for developing lung cancer.
Reducing the Risk of Lung Cancer
Reducing radon levels, even below four pCi/L, is essential in lowering the risk of lung cancer. The EPA recommends that homeowners consider mitigation measures despite their relatively low radon levels. Simple actions, such as sealing cracks in floors and walls, improving ventilation, and installing radon reduction systems, can significantly decrease radon exposure.
When to Retest Your Home
Changes in your living habits can also impact your radon exposure. For instance, if you start spending more time in a lower level of your home, such as a basement, it is advisable to retest the radon levels in that area. Basements tend to have higher radon concentrations because they are closer to the ground and often have poorer ventilation.
Long-Term Monitoring and Safety
Even if your initial radon test results are below four pCi/L, it is wise to plan for periodic retesting in the future. Things like home renovations, changes in the environment or even the natural shift of earth can cause radon levels to change. Regular testing ensures that any increases in radon levels are detected early, allowing you to take the necessary steps to protect your health.
Prioritize Radon Safety
Radon is an invisible threat that can have severe consequences if left unchecked. While reducing radon levels to match outdoor concentrations remains a long-term goal, significant reductions can be achieved with current technology. Homeowners should take radon seriously and consider regular testing and mitigation. Remember, even low radon levels can pose a risk, so proactive measures are always recommended.
